Causes and Effects of Homelessness Essay - 829 Words

Homelessness is a problem virtually every society suffers from. There are many things that cause people to become homeless, such as unemployment, relationship problems, and being evicted from ones domicile either by a landlord, friend or even a family member. However, with every cause there must be an effect. Some of the effects of one becoming homeless, besides the obvious change of lifestyle, are various health problems which often times may lead to death. Many people find themselves in a predicament when they are living with a partner and the two decide to go their separate ways. Some people may not be able afford the cost of living on just their income alone, so when two people terminate a relationship where one depends on the†¦show more content†¦There are many effects that a homeless person may suffer from. Other than the obvious change in the person’s life style, such as the type and quality of clothing they wear or their mode of transportation, homeless people are subject to various health effects as well. In recent studies it has been found that one out of every three homeless people suffers from some sort of mental illness. The mental illness may have been the reason the person became homeless or they may have acquired the illness from living on the streets. When a person loses everything they have worked for it may affect them mentally. Another common effect that homeless people suffer from is Nutritional deficiency, better know as malnutrition. A homeless person’s diet is considerably different than that of someone who is not homeless. Since they cannot afford to eat out or make a home cooked meal, they often have to dig in trash cans to find left over food from restaurants or other people. A lot of the food they eat is spoiled or rotten and is not healthy for them, but rotten food is better than no food. In addition homeless people are also subject to abuse, both physically and sexually. It is estimated that ho meless females are twenty times more likely to be sexually assaulted than a female who is not homeless, and many of these crimes will go unreported as well. Most homeless people do not have family members or someone who will check up on them. So they might be abused or evenShow MoreRelatedCauses And Effects Of Homelessness Essay1267 Words   |  6 Pages Causes and effects of homelessness in industrialized countries Student Name Institution â€Æ' Introduction Homelessness is the lack of a place to leave or sleep especially during the night. Homeless people do not have proper housing, security and most of them sleep in different places depending on various conditions. Homelessness definition can vary in countries or in various regions in the same country. According to Evans, L., Strathdee in the book â€Å"A roof is not enough†, he explainsRead MoreCauses and Effects of Homelessness2290 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿ Causes and Effects of Homelessness Tera Penrod Purpose: To help people understand homelessness. Audience: Readers interested in learning about some causes of homelessness and some effects it has. Homelessness is living without a home, be it on the streets or in shelters. There are many causes for people becoming homeless, and the combination of factors that lead to homelessness are different for every individual. Some of the factors that contribute to homelessness for youth, singleRead MoreThe Causes and Effects of Homelessness Essay1920 Words   |  8 PagesHomelessness is a major problem facing many cities. Some people are homeless because of unfortunate situations, and others are homeless by choice. Homelessness has been around since 1640. The cost of housing is on the rise and many become homeless because they that are not making enough money to afford the cost of housing. The cost of health care and insurance has risen dramatically over the past years. For families living low or middle incomes that can be devastating. Families or individualsRead MoreMain Causes of Why People Become Homelessness Essay669 Words   |  3 PagesHomelessness Definition Homelessness is the condition and social category of people who having no home or permanent place, because they cannot afford or unable to maintain a regular and safe shelter. Causes There are three main causes why people are homelessness. The first reason is housing. There is increasing evidence that a growing number of homebody in the private rental market are in housing stress. For example, many people pay more than 35 percent of their income on renting house. In additionRead MoreHomeless Population Of New South Wales1444 Words   |  6 PagesOverview â€Å"In a country as prosperous as Australia, no one should have to be homeless.† - The Road Home, 2008 Homelessness is a complex problem and not simply a lack of housing. It has numerous causes that affect different groups differently. In Australia, there are approximately 105000 people experiencing homelessness reported in the 2011 census. This equates to one in every two hundred people. The homeless population of New South Wales accounts for over one quarter of the total in Australia,Read MoreThe Emotional, Social, And Academic Effects Of Homelessness On Children1291 Words   |  6 Pages01/22/2015 The emotional, social, and academic effects of homelessness on children Hardly a day in life goes by without seeing a homeless child trying to survive, especially in developing countries. Unwanted sightings of homeless children happen every day both in developed and underdeveloped countries. The increase in divorce and trend in cohabitation has led to an increasing number of children being homeless. As stated in the â€Å" Homeless Facts Children and Homelessness - Some Facts conducted by the CommitteeRead MoreHomeless in The United States 1309 Words   |  6 PagesHomelessness is a problem that happens in many different countries around the world. Definitions of homelessness are defined in different meanings by different people. However, the Stewart B. McKinney Act defines a homeless person as â€Å" one who lacks a fixed permanent nighttime residence or whose nighttime residence is a temporary shelter, welfare hotel, or any public or private place not designed as sleeping accommodations for human beings† (McNamara 1025). It is impossible to fi nd out exactly theRead MoreWhat Causes Homelessness? The United States Of America884 Words   |  4 PagesWhat causes homelessness? Homelessness is a major problem in the United States of America. Homelessness is a state in which people do not have a place to stay in for a period of time and are always spending their time on the streets. From a teenage eluding a bad environment, to an elderly citizen on a fine tuned income that is not enough to cover a rent or the tax increase, to a child whose parents lost their job out of nowhere and became unemployed are what leads to homelessness (â€Å"Homelessness ResourceRead MoreThe State of Homelessness in the United States Essay586 Words   |  3 PagesHomelessness became a huge problem in everywhere especially in the USA. Most people heard homeless people, and they saw homeless people in the streets, markets, or bridges. Most people never try to understand why there is much homelessness. Most people do not know any facts about them seem the truth of homelessness, the state of homelessness in the United States, and the effect on people from homelessness. Many causes become the answers to homeless people. The most easy understanding of homelessnessRead MoreHomelessness and Mental Illness1095 Words   |  5 Pagesas well. Homelessness and mental illness are linked. These two happenings have similar beginnings. Homelessness is influenced by drug and alcohol disuse, being homeless at a young age, money problems, and trauma symptoms. Mental illness is caused by many of the same things, but it can also happen at birth. The effects that each entity has on a person are comparable. Rehabilitation is a necessary process if a victim of homelessness and or mental illness wants to rejoin society. Homelessness and mental

The Prison of Life - 1817 Words

Throughout the eons, man, known as the most inquisitive of creatures, had always sought the meaning of life. The answer had varied; to an altruistic person, man was made to serve the common good wheras to a Douglas Adams fan, the answer was merely 42. Philosophers dedicated their lives for the meaning of life and the reason for our existence here on Earth. Unlike other philosophers such as John Locke and Ayn Rand, famed writer Albert Camus believed that life had no meaning. According to Camus, life was, simply stated, absurd. Camus asserted three main tenets of his philosophy, coined Absurdism. Camus believed that this is the only world humans would ever know and this world is indifferent and aloof to our existence. Furthermore, he†¦show more content†¦The Absurdist notion that this world, indifferent and aloof to our existence, is shown when Meursault, an epitomy of apathy, realizes he loves life but hated by others who do not care about his plight or worries. After long days of proceedings, Meursault is condemned to die for killing an Arab. During the return trip to the prison, Meursault sees â€Å"all the familiar sounds of a town [he] loved and of a certain time of day where [he] used to feel happy† (97). He misses that life before prison, when he was free. At this point, so close to death, Meursault regrets that he did not take the time to enjoy life before. He feels that his situation is sad and pointless, as he feels that there might be no hope for his freedom. Meursault also blames himself for not noticing what criminals did to escape the justice system. He blames himself every time â€Å"for not having paid enough attention to accounts of execution. A man should always take an interest in these things† (108). After Meursault receives the verdict of death, he blames himself for not having taken an interest in stories of people who have been condemned to death but who managed the escape that fate. In his past life, Meursault wo uld never have taken an interest in anything, his apathetic character acting as a barrier. However, in his current predicament, the merest evidence of a fugitive from the law would capture his attention explicitly. If so, his â€Å"heart would have takenShow MoreRelatedLife in Prison1834 Words   |  8 Pagesimprisonment. As times past by the prison has taken on various shapes and forms. The quality and most conditions of prisons have changed in order to provide better living conditions for the inmates, but the main purpose of the prison has never changed, the online article Welcome to Stop the Crime states that â€Å" a prison have four major purposes, these include retribution, incapacitation, deterrence and rehabilitation† (stoptheaca.org). This shows that the prison is there to ensure that criminals payRead MoreLife And Life Of Prison1259 Words   |  6 Pages Twenty years to life in prison, this is what I woke up to one cold December morning. I had been falsely accuse d of a crime. It all started a couple of weeks ago. I had gone to the local gas station to pick-up some groceries to fix my family a surprise breakfast. I had planned to go home and fix them eggs, bacon, waffles, and grits. It would have been perfect, just to have a family meal. I had arrived at the gas station and proceeded to go into the store to get the groceries that I needed. All ofRead MorePrison Life Essays1953 Words   |  8 PagesPrison Life Most people have no idea what it feels like to be in prison, statistically only one out of every five people will know what its like to be in prison. Approximately 1.4 million people out of the U.S.s 280 million people are in prison. (Thomas, 2) The only reason people know about prisons is because of the media. The news, movies, and books all contribute to peoples stereotypes about prisons. Prisoners receive three meals a day, workout facilities, a library, as well as other thingsRead MoreEssay on Life in Prison1857 Words   |  8 PagesLife in Prison Cody Cotten CJA/383 December 21, 2010 Chet Madison Jr. Life in Prison When an individual is introduced to the prison life, after violating rules and laws, he or she must come to terms about the journey he or she are about to take behind bars in prison. No one can save them, or do their time for them, and a majority of their freedom has been stripped from them either temporarily or permanently. Prison life deals with all walks of life and is not discriminativeRead MoreEssay on Life in Prison1771 Words   |  8 Pagesa room with 84 adults, chances are two of them have been in prison. One out of 42 adults in the United States has been incarcerated. 2.3 million people serving time behind bars outnumber the residents of the fourth largest U.S. city. According to California Prison Focus, â€Å"no other society in human history has imprisoned so many if its own citizens.† The U.S. has locked up more people than any other country (Paleaz, 2013). Are prisons in the U.S. doing what they were intended to do? Out of theRead MorePrison Life in the UK1246 Words   |  5 Pagesunwanted. The members of the prison population can range from petty thieves to cold hearted serial killers; so the conflict arises on how they can all be dealt with the most efficient way. The sides can result in a wide range of opinions such as simply thinking a slap on the wrist is sufficient; to even thinking that death is the only way such a lesson can be learned. While many believe it is ok to punish and torture prisoners, others feel that cruel treatment of prison inmates is wrong because itRead MoreThe Prison Life : Sarah Water1560 Words   |  7 PagesThe prison life In the year 1999, Sarah Water wrote a fiction novel called affinity. The story generally talks of a love story of two ladies who were both in their own solitude. One on the main character was a convict in prison while the other was home remanded for attempts to commit suicide. The book generally shows us the life of women in prison. Today, they are many people in prison due to felony. The prison life is not very fascinating to many people especially for individual who have ever experiencedRead MoreDeath Penalty or Life in Prison1170 Words   |  5 PagesDeath Penalty or Life in Prison Sierra Brattain Southwestern Michigan College Death Penalty or Life in Prison Death Penalty I began my research by looking into the death penalty or also known as capital punishment. The death penalty is the action of executing a person who has committed an illegal act equivalent to death. Crimes punishable by death vary depending on the state; some include murder, sexual assault, treason, and other serious capital crimes (â€Å"Crimes Punishable†, 2011). ThereRead MoreLife Within Prison Walls1181 Words   |  5 Pagesare convicted, you go to prison. This is common knowledge throughout America and the world. What most citizens don’t know is that within prison walls, there is a lifestyle much different than the life you and I are used to outside of bars. Within the walls of American prisons, the occupants are deprived of many freedoms you and me take for granted. There is not much to do. Many inmates used drugs outside of prison, so there is a high demand to smuggle drugs into the prison system for use by the inmatesRead MoreDeath Penalty and Life in Prison16 23 Words   |  7 Pagesasking can someone hide himself secret in secret from him a person cannot , because God presence is everywhere. ------------------------------------------------- Acts 17:24-28: It tells how God is the creator of all living things he gave all things life also breath. We are Gods offspring. ------------------------------------------------- 2 Timothy 2:13: God formed Adam and Eve ------------------------------------------------- Hebrews 6:18: Tells how God has suffered being tempted that he is able

English Belonging Essay Brides of Christ and Emily Dickinson Free Essays

Both conforming to and challenging the societal structures can have serious psychological consequences. Feelings of affinity often generate a sense of empowerment constituted by shared values and interests. However, where there is a schism between the values of the individual and those Of the group to which they seek to belong, feelings Of isolation, rejection and alienation can ensue. We will write a custom essay sample on English Belonging Essay Brides of Christ and Emily Dickinson or any similar topic only for you Order Now Moreover, individuals often respond to group hegemony by oscillating be;men conforming to and challenging the group’s conventions, thus oscillating between a state of unity and isolation. The poems â€Å"This is My Letter to the World† and â€Å"I Had Been Hungry All the Years† by Emily Dickinson illuminate Dickinson desire to at once challenge and enrich the literary world as she oscillates between the desire for unity and autonomy. Similarly, the TV series â€Å"Brides of Christ† by Ken Cameron explores the way in which an individual’s struggle to conform to a community while simultaneously challenging it in order to retain personal autonomy can lead to various consequences that may affect the state of an individual’s belonging. This is my Letter to the World† reflects the apparent sense of isolation and seclusion that Dickinson feels as she abstains from the trick boundaries set by the social and the literary worlds during her era, thus hindering her from attaining a sense of belonging. Dickinson metaphoric â€Å"letter† symbolizes her body of work that is incongruous with the established standards demanded by the Rom antic literary canon, in which the poem’s brevity and ambiguity challenged the traditional poetic and social conventions of her time, leading to her apparent exclusion and rejection. Dickinson sarcastic and sardonic tone as she claims that â€Å"the world never wrote’ to her highlights her desire to communicate with and ultimately enrich the literary oral with her â€Å"letters†, however its differences and incompatibilities with the poetic standards served as a barrier that ultimately prevented her from attaining a sense of belonging within the community she desires to enrich. This is contrasted with Dickinson earnest plea for the reader to â€Å"judge tenderly† of her, which positions the responder to understand the persona’s simple and sincere desire for acceptance both from the responder and the literary canon, which was catalysts as a result of her exclusion and isolation from the social and poetic worlds. Similarly, the text â€Å"Brides Of Christ† conveys he sense of rejection and exclusion the protagonist experiences as she attempts to challenge the hegemonic and oppressive structures and doctrines prevalent within the convent. In this sense, the poem highlights the way in which challenging prevailing standards and structures within a community can act as a barrier to belonging, thus resulting in a state of exclusion and isolation. Similarly, â€Å"Brides of Christ† explores how an individual’s lack of acceptance and understanding of a community’s conventions can act as a barrier to belonging, resulting in feelings of rejection ND alienation. This is illuminated through the continuous conflict between the protagonist’s personality of idealism and questioning of authority against the church’s values of complete obedience and submission, which creates a schism that prevents the persona from attaining a sense of belonging within the institution. Although Diane seeks to ‘defeat her ego and serve God’, her firm belief on her own knowledge and judgment – which forms the cornerstone of her identity – catalysts a desire to challenge and enrich the church’s conventions. This is highlighted as Diane poses a rhetorical question to Sister Agnes and Mother Ambrose, ‘Why can’t we study those instead of all this medieval hocus-pocus trying to conjure God out of an equation? † Here, the responder is positioned to perceive the persona’s desire to enrich the convent by challenging the hegemonic confines that pervade it, which is created as a consequence of its difference to the persona’s ideal community. This is further compounded by the burning of Dean’s spiritual journal, which symbolizes the Church’s rejection of the persona’s thoughts and ideals and ultimately her identity, with its differences to the church’s conventions acting as a barrier to her perpetual belonging to the community. In a similar vein, â€Å"This is My Letter to the World† portrays how Dickinson desire to challenge and enrich the poetic community with her â€Å"letters† served as a barrier that hindered her from attaining belonging within the social and literary worlds. Therefore, it is the conflicting ideals and beliefs between an individual and the group they seek to belong to that may either enrich a community, or act as a barrier to belonging. Moreover, â€Å"I Had Been Hungry All the Years† depicts the complex oscillation between states of seclusion and unity as a consequence of the paradoxical desire for belonging and isolation. This is portrayed through Dickinson ‘hunger’ for human companionship and interaction, due to her established connection with nature leaving her in a state of insufficiency and deprivation. However as she gains acceptance within the social world, the intensity of human relationships prove to be overwhelming, with her inability to cope acting as a barrier from perpetual belonging as well s cataloging a newfound desire for isolation and resignation within the natural world. This is illustrated through the extended metaphor of ‘hunger’, which symbolizes Dickinson intense and fervent desire for inclusion and acceptance, all the while simultaneously appealing to the responder through the common and unifying human sensation of hunger itself. The persona’s hunger comes as a scones ounce of her lacking and insufficient connection with nature, as evident by the scarcity of the ‘crumb’ which evokes a sense of absence and deprivation. However, as the persona’s ‘noon’ or opportunity arises to ‘draw the table near and ‘touch the curious wine’, she finds its intensity to be overpowering causing her to ‘tremble’ and ‘feel ill and odd’. Here, the composer positions the responder to perceive the persona’s sense of alienation and displacement as she is given a chance at satiating this ‘hunger’, however the persona’s inability to forge human relationships results in her withdrawal from society once more and her desire to be isolated within her sanctuary that is ‘Nature’s dining room’ is renewed and reinforced. While the protagonist from â€Å"Brides of Christy’ oscillates between the states of seclusion and unity through her relationships with the sisters within the convent, it is Dickinson paradoxical desire for belonging and isolation that results in the transitory nature of belonging that she experiences. Similarly, â€Å"Brides of Christ’ illustrates the transitory and fleeting nature of belonging as it embodies the consequences of attempting to belong to a collective community while simultaneously seeking individual identity. This is portrayed wrought the protagonist’s relationship with the sisters within the convent, in which her nurturing friendship with Veronica and other novices within the convent is contrasted with her conflicting and fragmented relationship with the bearers of power within the church. On one hand, the protagonist Diane is able to achieve a sense of connection and unity with the other novices as a result of their shared beliefs and values of devotion to God, resulting in a great sense of fulfillment and empowerment. On the other hand however, the repressive power structures of the Convent in conjunction with Dean’s recaptured and complicated relationship with Sister Agnes creates a sense of restriction and oppression within the persona, oftentimes acting as a barrier to truly achieving belonging within the church. How to cite English Belonging Essay Brides of Christ and Emily Dickinson, Essays

Dowry System free essay sample

Today, Indian society is surrounded with many problems such as unemployment, illiteracy, population growth, terrorism, etc. Among these problems, a problem which is deep rooted in Indian society is the problem of dowry system. It has become the every day news item, no day passes away when we dont hear news relating to dowry death or dowry harassment. The irony lies in the fact that women in India are worshipped in the form of shakti, she is burned and harassed by her in-laws every day in one part of the nation or the other. Dowry, in ordinary sense, refers to money, gifts, goods or estate that wife brings to her husband in marriage The dowry has a long history in Europe, South Asia, Africa and other parts of the world. The system of dowry is deep rooted in the Indian society since the early days of the history. This system prevailed in ancient Indian society, in ancient period dowry was the part of the ritual of kanyadan which was very different from modern- dowry. We will write a custom essay sample on Dowry System or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Among the eight types of marriages recognized by smritis, it was only in the Brahma marriage that father gave away his daughter, with such gifts and presents as he could afford, to a man of superior character . In the medieval period, the dowry, which was earlier regarded as dakshina (gift offered willingly), became an evil, father in order to marry her daughter had to offer money demanded by grooms family. In medieval times, the dowry system had engulfed the society at alarming rate, though it was practiced in the aristocratic and royal families. The extra ordinary pride which rich people took

Cellular Rspiration Essay Example

Cellular Rspiration Essay LABORATORY REPORT FOR BIO411 Experiment 5 : Cellular Respiration Experiment 6 : Photosynthesis Title: Cellular Respiration Objective: To observe and determine cellular respiration in yeast/onion cells. * Measure respiration rate using different substrates. * Measure respiration rate at different temperature. Introduction: In this laboratory experiment, we are given 3 task. The first one is respiration in yeast. Second is respiratory indicator and the third one is observing mitochondria in yeast/onion cell. The first experiment is about investigation of sugars yeast. We will determine which sugars yeast can be use for cell respiration. When the yeast undergoes anaerobic/aerobic respiration, they will give out carbon dioxide. After that it will reacts with water to forms a weak carbonic acid solution. We will use BTB to monitor this reaction. Further explanation will be discussed at the discussion. The second experiment is respiratory indicator. Same concept with the first experiment. We will measure the respiration rate using different substrates based on the table provided. The third experiment is observing mitochondria in yeast/onion cells. We will be using the staining technique in order to obtain the result of the experiment. * Task 1: Respiration in Yeast Materials: Beakers * Pipettes * Cuvettes * 20% Glucose * 20% Lactose * 20% Sucrose * 20% Maltose * Distilled water * Brom Thymol Blue (BTB) * Spectrophotometer * Measuring cylinders. Procedures: 1. The spectrometer is set to 565nm. Distilled water is used to set the reading to the pure level. 2. 8mL of 20% glucose is placed in the beaker using a measuring cyl inder. 3. 1ml of Brom Thymol Blue (BTB) is added into a respective tubes using a pipette. 4. 4ml from the mixture of Glucose and BTB taken and placed in test tube then added with 0. 1ml of yeast extract. 5. The mixture then transferred into cuvette and placed into spectrophotometer. 6. We will write a custom essay sample on Cellular Rspiration specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Cellular Rspiration specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Cellular Rspiration specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The absorbance measured for 5 minutes. The reading taken within 30 seconds. 7. Steps 1-6 is repeated using 20% Lactose, 20% Sucrose, and 20% Maltose. 8. Reading obtained is recorded and compared with the others. Results: Time (s)| 20% Glucose| 20% Sucrose| 20% Maltose| 20% Lactose| 30| 1. 053| 1. 162| 1. 323| 1. 130| 60| 1. 051| 1. 161| 1. 310| 1. 123| 90| 1. 049| 1. 159| 1. 304| 1. 119| 120| 1. 048| 1. 159| 1. 297| 1. 116| 150| 1. 045| 1. 158| 1. 295| 1. 114| 180| 1. 044| 1. 155| 1. 292| 1. 111| 210| 1. 041| 1. 155| 1. 289| 1. 109| 240| 1. 040| 1. 154| 1. 287| 1. 107| 270| 1. 037| 1. 154| 1. 287| 1. 105| 300| 1. 035| 1. 154| 1. 284| 1. 103| Task 2: Respiratory Indicator Materials: * Test tubes * Yeast extract * 20% Glucose * Water bath * Parafilm * Distilled water * Tap water * Methylene blue Procedures: 1. 4 test tubes is obtained. 2. Each tube filled as table shown below, Tube 1 (room temperature)| Tube 2 (100? c)| Tube 3| Tube 4| 5ml yeast+1ml glucose+2ml methylene blue+2ml disti lled water| 5ml yeast+1ml glucose+2ml methylene blue+2ml distilled water| 5ml water+1ml glucose+2ml methylene blue+2ml distilled water| 5ml yeast+1ml water+1ml methylene blue +2ml distilled water| 3. For tube 2, yeast is added and glucose is immersed the tube in water bath(100%) for 5 minutes. The, methylene blue is added. 4. Parafilm is used to cover all the tubes. 5. Initial time and color is recorded. 6. Time taken for the decolorisation to occur is recorded. Result: | Tube 1| Tube 2| Tube 3| Tube 4| Observation| Dark blue(no change)| Dark blue(no change)| Dark blue(no change)| Dark blue(no change)| * Task 3: Observing Mitochondrian of Onion Cells Materials: * Glass slides * Sucrose solution * Methylene blue * Toothpick * Onion cell * Cover slip * Microscope Procedures: 1. Clean slide is obtained and a drop of sucrose solution is placed on the center. Two drops of methylene blue added and mixed well by using toothpick. 2. Yeast is placed on the mixture of sucrose and methylene blue and cobered by the cover slip. 3. The slide immediately viewed under microscope. Results: 35 minutes is taken for yeast cells to decolorized, where blue stain turns clear. Disccusion: In our experiment, in order to achieved our objective which are to observe and determine cellular repiration in yeast/onion cells, we have to measured respiration rate using different substrates and we also have to measure respiration rates at different temperatures in Task 1, Task 2, Task 3. In Task 1: Respiration in yeast, the result we obtained shows that the 20% Glucose give the lowest value of absorbance compared to the others and 20% Maltose gave the highest value of absorbance. The order of absorbance is 20% Glucose20% Lactose20% Sucrose20% Maltose This shown that Maltose has the highest rate of sugar which has the effective for yeast respiration. The wavelength used is same, but the reading was taken in every 30 seconds in 5 minutes period of time. As known, cell released energy from the food molecules by process of respiration. Cell also can dissolve in water to form a weak acid. As result, pH indicator such as BTB can be used to indicate the presence of carbon dioxide. â€Å"At low temperatures (0-10 C) yeast will not grow, but not die either. At temperatures 10-37 C yeast will grow and multiply, faster at higher temperatures with an optimal growth at 30 or 37 C (that depends on the species). At higher temperature the cells become stressed, meaning that their content becomes damaged and which can be repaired to some degree. At high temperatures (50 C) the cells die. The bacteria can survive freezing under certain conditions. When baking bread all yeast dies during the process. † -Dr. Trudy Wassenaar In Task 2: Respiration indicator, the result we obtain is no change at all the tubes prepared according to the table provided. Tube 1 supposed to have change in their colour because it was occur in room temperature, consist of yeast, have glucose and distilled water. No change for Tube 2, 3 and 4. Tube 2, it was occurred in 100 Celsius. Thus, no change occurred. For Tube 3, there are no change in colour because it does not consist of yeast, and for Tube 4, no change also because absent of glucose. For tube 2, no change occur because yeast can survive only in certain condition, as the researcher explained below:- In Task 3: Observing mitochondria in yeast/onion cells, we used yeast as our specimen. It actually takes 20-35 minutes to decolorize the blue stain. Unfortunately, we does not managed to observe the bluish oblong bodies in cytoplasm of cells. This maybe because the magnification we used is still cannot managed to give a clear image of the mitochondria. Conclusion: The objective is successfully achieved which is to observe and determine cellular respiration in yeast using different substrates and temperatures. Reference: 1) http://www. newton. dep. anl. gov/askasci/bio99/bio99693. htm * LAB 6 Title: Photosynthesis Introduction: In this experiments, we will mostly will discuss about process of photosynthesis which is process where the plants will convert carbon dioxide into organic compound. We have given 3 task in this experiments. There are:- Task 1, we have to extract chlorophyll pigments using paper chromatography, the separation technique. When the absorbent paper has its end puts into a solvent, the solvent will creep up the paper and soak it. Solute in solvents also tend to be carried upwards with the solvent. Various types of chlorophylls and carotenoids of plant photosystems are all membrane bound and only soluble in rather non polar solvents. These pigments have been removed from the spinach by extraction into acetone. The pigments will be separated by chromatography by using a solvent. Task 2, we have to measure wavelength of light absorbed by plant chlorophyll. Spectrometre is used to determine the absorbtion spectrum for the available chlorophyll extract of spinach pigments. Absorbance from the wavelengths of 400nm to 720nm every 10nm. Methanol used as a blank. Task 3, we have to quantifying the amount of oxygen being released from the photosynthesizing solution or the more accurate is we have to determine the rate of photosynthesis. Task 1: Photosynthesis Pigments Objectives: To extract chlorophyll pigments using paper chromatography. Materials: * Fresh spinach * Methanol * Chromatography paper * Conical flash * Rubber bugs * Haematocrit needles * Pencil * Ruler * Spectrophotometer Procedures: 1. A strip of absorbent paper positioned that it suspended about 5mm from the bottom of the available flask. 2. The paper is r emoved and acetone is poured into the bottom of the flask so it will be touching the bottom of the paper. 3. A strip of absorbent paper is streaked with the spinach extract using the haematocrit. 4. Dry it in a moments. A second streak is pplied over the first one. It repeated for minimum 15 times. Then dry it. 5. The paper is hooked on the stopper. The paper inserted into the flask so that its bottom just immersed into the solvent. 6. Let it until the solvent reached pin. 7. The diagram of the pigmentation on chromatography paper, labelled. Result: Rf = x / y Where, x is 9. 9 cm and y is 15. 2 cm. Thus, 9. 9 / 15. 2 = 0. 611 cm ( Not accurate- Experiment failed) * Task 2: Absorption Spectrum Objective: To measure the wavelength of light absorbed by plant chlorophyll. Materials: * Beaker Acetone Procedures: A spectrophotometer used to determine the absorption spectrum for the available chlorophyll extract of spinach pigment. The absorbance measured from wavelengths of 400nm to 720nm in every 10nm. Methanol used as a blank. Result: Wavelength (? )| Absorbance| Wavelength( ? )| Absorbance| 400| 0. 251| 570| 0. 224| 410| 0. 262| 580| 0. 221| 420| 0. 255| 590| 0. 226| 430| 0. 260| 6 00| 0. 235| 440| 0. 271| 610| 0220| 450| 0. 260| 620| 0. 223| 460| 0. 259| 630| 0. 221| 470| 0. 259| 640| 0. 220| 480| 0. 251| 650| 0. 216| 490| 0. 251| 660| 0. 214| 500| 0. 248| 670| 0. 213| 510| 0. 27| 680| 0. 250| 520| 0. 229| 690| 0. 220| 530| 0. 242| 700| 0. 266| 540| 0274| 710| 0. 237| 550| 0. 233| 720| 0. 198| 560| 0. 230| | | Table 1. 1| * Task 3: Measuring Rate of Photosynthesis Objective: To determine the rate of photosynthesis. Materials: * Elodea plant * 10mL measuring cylinder * Test tubes * Beaker * 0. 5 sodium hydrogen bicarbonate buffer Procedures: 1. Fresh sprigs of Elodea plant is inserted into wide test tube. The tube fully filled with buffer solution. The pH of buffer taken. 2. The tube was inverted into beaker which is half filled with the same buffer solution. 3. There is must be no air space inside the tube. 4. The beaker placed under a table lamp for one hour. 5. The tube gently tabbed, to trapped air bubbles released from the leaves. 6. The bubbles released counted. 7. The pH obtained recorded. Results: Reading| Initial| Final| pH| 8. 02| 9. 31| Volume| 25 ml| 24 ml| Total bubble formed= 4 Discussion: In our experiment, we have to discuss about the photosynthesis. What is photosynthesis? Photosynthesis is essential process for any living plants to survive. Raw materials which are carbon dioxide, water, oxygen and glucose as the products of the reaction. Water molecules will be broken down and oxygen will be released. Glucose molecule contains the energy from the sunlight converted to a new form, chemical energy. The overall chemical equation for these reactions is shown below: 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy C6H12O6 + 6 O2 The energy that plants trap is essential, both for their own growth and for other organisms that rely on plants for food. Pigments that involved in this process is chlorophyll. So as in Task 1, we had extracted the chlorophyll pigment in spinach using the paper chromatography. Paper chromatography is a useful technique for separating and identifying pigment and other molecules from cell extracts that contain a complex mixture of molecules). We may have the result stated as below but to be truth is our experiment does not have an accurate result because of the spinach with the acetone is too dilute and it is difficult to obtain an accurate result. It was suppose to separate the pigments in paper chromatography but, we only can observe a single solute carried upwards. In Task 2, which is we measure the wavelength of light absorbed by plant chlorophyll starting from 400nm till 720nm. Reading is taken every 10nm. Based on the Table 1. 1, we can see the absorbance of chlorophyll are in a range of 0. 198 and 0. 274. There are not much different of absorbance in wavelength of 400nm until 720nm, but it the absorbance seems like decreasing where 0. 251 at 400nm, and 0. 198 at 720nm. In Task 3, we have to determine the rate of photosynthesis. In this experiments, we used Elodea plant. (Elodea is an autotroph that will photosynthesize under the appropriate conditions. )The initial pH value of buffer is 8. 02, and the initial volume is 25 ml. After 1 hour, the pH value increased to 9. 31, but decrease of volume to 24 ml. The pH increased because of higher amount of carbon entered the intermediate pathways. Total bubble produced was 4. The bubble produced means the total oxygen produce by the plant in photosynthesis process. Conclusion: We have achieved the all the objective of experiments which is to study Photosynthesis in 2 Task, whereby we need to extract chlorophyll pigments using paper chromatography, measure the wavelength of light absorbed by plant chlorophyll and to measure rate of photosynthesis. Reference: 1) http://www. ucmp. berkeley. edu/glossary/gloss3/pigments. html 2) http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Photosynthetic_pigment

Geography Ivory Coast Essay Example

Geography Ivory Coast Essay Example Geography Ivory Coast Essay Geography Ivory Coast Essay The Ivory Coast (Cote dIvoire) has a long and intense history of facing hardships. Though the citizens gained independence from the French in 1960 after being colonized for roughly 67 years, they still face a countless number of economic, social and political issues. The people of the Ivory Coast must come together with the government in order to resolve the issues and better their countrys future. Like in most developing countries, a prominent political issue that the Ivory Coast faces is corruption in the government. The leaders of the Ivory Coast are every thing but eaders. They are incompetent, not trustworthy, and genuinely do not care to govern the country in the interest of the common good of the citizens. (http:// mw. . africaw. com/) In 2011 the World Bank conducted a study with the intention of ranking the most corrupt countries in order, it was found that in Africa the Ivory Coast was ranked number 38 out of 49 African countries. In 2010, transparency International ranked it 130th out of 176 countries in 2011 in its Corruption Perceptions Index. The government has a tendency to misuse grants that are given to hem in order to better their country which contributes to the corruption that their country faces today. The Ivorians have experienced a great deal of suffering due to corruption including destroyed regions and deaths in their families. (economist. com) The media in the Ivory Coast is beginning to create advertisements in order to make everyone aware of corruption and how it is negatively affecting the citizens of Cote dIvoire. : In addition to this an American government agency committee entitled Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) that aids poor countries recover from overty, this committee will attempt to aid the Ivory Coast once they meet certain benchmark requirements, with one dominant requirement being to invest in the people and decrease corruption. ( economist. com/) Cote dIvoire is blessed with an abundant amount of natural resources which helps stimulate their economy, but with such a low literacy rate in their country, it is nearly impossible for everyone to prosper and benefit from these resources. The education of a nation drastically affects their progress economically, because ignorance leads to bad ecisions. By having a literacy rate of 48. 7% in males and about 38. 6% in females (africaw. com), the Ivory Coast will remain in a state of an unstable economy unless their education improves. Their low literacy rate means that they do not have a sufficient amount of people who are able to aid in creating ways to make use of their natural resources that would improve their economy with stability. Low education also hurts the Ivorians economically because most women do not use contraceptives during intercourse, which leads to many pregnancies occurring in women that are ot prepared to have children. With unprepared births comes poverty because women that are uneducated are more likely to be poor and have the responsibility of not only taking care of themselves, but their children as well. According to africaw. com The Ivory Coast is one of the poorest countries in the world with about 50% of the country living below the poverty line. Their literacy rates are worse than that of most African countries, which is why their rate of teenage pregnancy and HIW AIDS is significantly high (because they are ignorant to the negative consequences of ases in the Ivory Coast has led to many deaths among their citizens. This disease spreads to citizens in various ways: mother-to-child, unprotected sexual intercourse, and quickly occurs in key populations of individuals including men who have sex with men (MSM), sex workers and people who inject drugs. (aidsalliance. org) The Ivorians dying in large amounts from HIVI AIDS serves as a major issue because it creates an imbalance in the population pyramid. It is bottom heavy meaning there is a significant amount of young people compared to the amount of old people. This ffects the country negatively because having too many young children and not enough adults has a negative correlation with progress in the work force. coopami. rg/en/countries/countries_partners/cote_ivoire/ country _description/index. htm The rapid spread of AIDS in the Ivory Coast haphazardly occurred because there were initially two AID cases reported by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1985 ( ncbi. nlm. nih. gov) and reached its highest point in November of 1996 when the WHO reported 31,963 case which put Cote dIvoire in the top ten as the seventh country with the highest number of eported cases of this horrific disease. (unesco. rg) Studies have shown that the adult population of citizens between ages 20 to 29 years old are the most affected by HIVI AIDS, and although it is difficult now to forecast the dynamics of the epidemic in C? ¶te dIvoire because of the multitude and complexity of factors to be taken into account (Garenne, 1996), the increase in HIV prevalence among pregnant women in Abidjan over the years is particularly worrying. These numbers are appalling in the way that they relate to the citizens in the Ivory Coast, because when affected mothers ave children, the chil dren will then be born with HIV and continue the spread of this deleterious disease. The spread of HIVI AIDS essentially serves as a gender issue primarily because the disease is more prominent in women than men. According to unaids. org the chances of women being HIV positive is eight times greater than men. This wide gender gap is prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa because of gender-based violence. Women are not economically independent from older men, therefore they must rely on them for survival which unfortunately increases their chances of getting HIV/AIDS because of their participation of sexual intercourse with these men. Older men tend to have had multiple sex partners and as a result they tend to spread HIW AIDS to women. Women are also at greater risk to having this disease because they have a greater biological susceptibility, meaning that the greater exposed surface area in the female genital tract compared to the male genital tract, higher concentrations of HIV in seminal fluids than in vaginal fluids, the larger amount of semen than vaginal fluids exchanged during intercourse, and greater potential for njury to the cell wall during intercourse for women compared to men (Moss et al. 991; Pettifor et al. 2004). (Hertog) The physical aspects and fluids of a womans vagina causes her to have a greater chance of receiving the disease through intercourse than a man would therefore women are more likely to suffer from this disease. With education, the spread of HIV/AIDS would decrease dramatically. However in the Ivory Coast most students specifically females dropout at a young age because of pregnanc y. Because the majority of citizens lack an education, in the

Salt Marshes Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Salt Marshes - Term Paper Example In the global view, salt marshes are common in all latitudes, and when they have grown for many decades, the mangrove forests replace the marshes. The mangrove takes over from the marshes because they thrive well in the salty aquatic environment (Biodiversity and Garden 351). For a marsh to form, it goes through a series of biological processes. It takes time for the angiosperms to accumulate so as to form the marshes. There are types of marshes that can cover the terrestrial habitats while others can extend and expand through trapping more sediments and colonization of the sediments (Pennings and Bertness 289). However, both habitats of salt marshes can be occupied by other organisms like birds, insects, mammals and marine living organisms. There are living organisms that survive well in salty environments while others thrive well in non-salty conditions, the freshwater aquatic animals (Charton and Facts on File 276). Salt marshes are an interesting part of the ecosystem because it involves the interaction of the physical and biological factors and how they form a natural environment that can be inhabited by other living organisms. The article on Coastal Eutrophication as a Driver of Salt Marsh loss says that the salt marshes are important in the ecosystem because they help to protect the coastal cities from storms and strong waves (Deegan, et al. 1). In the recent years, the salt marshes have been seen to be decreasing in sizes and some areas along the coastal line have no marshes.